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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Published on: October 15, 2019
The Gut Microbiome May Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Meniere's Disease
1Novena ENT-Head & Neck Surgery Specialist Centre, Mount Elizabeth Novena Medical Centre, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
Unlabelled:
Meniere's disease (MD) was first described 650 years ago. It is now considered to be a multifactorial disorder involving immunological mechanisms, blood-labyrinth barrier breakdown, endolymphatic hydrops, vascular compromise, and genetic susceptibility. Chronic inflammation from both innate and adaptive immunity is evident in the inner ear, with autoimmunity and allergy possibly playing a role. Despite its long history, significant knowledge gaps in its pathogenesis remain. For example, there may be root causes from elsewhere that are contributing to these pathological processes occurring in the inner ear. In recent years, rapid progress has been made in research on the contributions of gut microbiome to human health and disease. In particular, changes in gut microbiome have been found to be associated with many disorders of the brain. The brain and the inner ear share similar vascular networks that create a physical barrier to limit paracellular diffusion. Emerging evidence shows gut dysbiosis can potentially result in sensori-neural hearing loss. Early evidence suggests changes in gut microbiome may be associated with MD, possibly via dysregulation of the arginine vasopressin/vasopressin type 2 receptor/aquaporin-2 (AVP-V2R-AQP2) signaling pathway in the inner ear from increased brain secretion of AVP. It remains to be seen if the belief that gut dysbiosis contributes to the pathogenesis of MD can be substantiated by future research. If so, addressing gut issues may prove to be an important strategy in the overall management of MD.
Insights
Meniere
Area of Science:
- Inner ear disorders
- Neuroscience
- Microbiome research
Background:
- Meniere's disease (MD) is a complex inner ear disorder with multifactorial causes, including immunological and vascular factors.
- Despite extensive research, the precise pathogenesis of Meniere's disease remains incompletely understood, with potential external contributing factors.
- The gut microbiome's role in various diseases, including neurological disorders, is an emerging area of scientific investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the potential link between gut dysbiosis and the pathogenesis of Meniere's disease.
- To investigate if alterations in the gut microbiome could influence inner ear fluid balance and contribute to MD symptoms.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on Meniere's disease pathogenesis.
- Analysis of emerging research on the gut-brain axis and its implications for sensory organs.
- Exploration of potential molecular pathways, such as the arginine vasopressin system, linking gut health to inner ear function.
Main Results:
- Gut dysbiosis is increasingly associated with various health conditions, including sensorineural hearing loss.
- Preliminary evidence suggests a possible connection between gut microbiome alterations and Meniere's disease.
- The arginine vasopressin/vasopressin type 2 receptor/aquaporin-2 signaling pathway may be implicated in MD pathogenesis due to gut dysbiosis.
Conclusions:
- Gut dysbiosis may represent a novel contributing factor to Meniere's disease pathogenesis.
- Further research is needed to validate the role of gut microbiome alterations in MD.
- Targeting gut health could offer a new therapeutic strategy for managing Meniere's disease.
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