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Live-Attenuated Vaccines Against African Swine Fever: Strategies, Lessons, and Prospects
Chunhao Jiang1,2, Ruojia Huang1, Rui Luo1
1State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
Biology
|June 25, 2026
Summary
Developing effective African swine fever (ASF) vaccines is critical. This review explores live-attenuated vaccine strategies, addressing challenges like viral recombination and reversion to improve ASF control.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Immunology
- Vaccine Development
Background:
- African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and devastating disease affecting swine populations globally.
- Current control measures are insufficient, with limited vaccine options available, necessitating novel approaches.
- Emerging recombinant African swine fever virus (ASFV) strains present significant challenges to existing control strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review conventional development strategies for ASF live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs).
- To analyze the molecular mechanisms behind key challenges: intergenotypic ASFV recombination and vaccine strain reversion to virulence.
- To propose rational design strategies for next-generation ASF LAVs utilizing advanced technologies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of ASF LAV development.
- Analysis of molecular mechanisms related to ASFV recombination and virulence reversion.
- Elaboration of design principles for novel ASF LAVs.
Main Results:
- Conventional ASF LAV development strategies have limitations.
- Intergenotypic recombination and reversion to virulence are critical hurdles in ASF vaccine development.
- Cutting-edge technologies offer pathways to mitigate risks associated with ASF LAVs.
Conclusions:
- Next-generation ASF LAVs designed with advanced strategies can overcome limitations of conventional approaches.
- Improved LAVs hold significant promise for effective ASF control and prevention.
- Addressing viral recombination and reversion is key to successful ASF vaccine development.
Keywords:
African swine feverlive-attenuated vaccinesprotective efficacyrecombinationreversion to virulenceMore Related Videos
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