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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
08:52

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

Children Admitted with Pertussis Over a One-Year Period.

A Dore, P Valla, B Scanlan

    Irish Medical Journal
    |June 25, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Infants under six months are most vulnerable to severe pertussis (whooping cough), often requiring hospitalization before completing their vaccinations. Maternal antenatal vaccination is crucial for protecting young infants against this serious respiratory illness.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

    Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
    08:52

    Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

    Published on: February 22, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis.
    • Infants, especially those under six months, are at the highest risk of severe complications and hospitalization due to pertussis.
    • Vaccination is the primary method of preventing pertussis, but infants are not fully protected until they have received multiple doses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the characteristics of Bordetella pertussis cases admitted to a tertiary hospital in Dublin, Ireland.
    • To describe the demographics, clinical features, severity, and vaccination status of hospitalized pertussis patients.
    • To evaluate the clinical course and identify risk factors for severe pertussis in children.

    Main Methods:

    • A retrospective cohort study was conducted over a one-year period (January 2024 to December 2024).
    • Data were collected from patient records of all children admitted with pertussis to a tertiary hospital.
    • Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic, clinical, and vaccination data.

    Main Results:

    • Of 26 admitted children, 76.9% were under 6 months old.
    • Severe pertussis (Pertussis Severity Score >5) was observed in 69.2% of cases.
    • Over half (54.1%) of vaccinated-eligible children were unvaccinated, with many ineligible due to young age; maternal antenatal vaccination was low (20%).

    Conclusions:

    • Pertussis significantly impacts infants, leading to substantial morbidity and hospitalization.
    • A majority of hospitalized infants were too young to be fully vaccinated, underscoring the critical role of maternal vaccination.
    • Antenatal pertussis vaccination in mothers is essential for providing passive immunity to newborns and protecting them during the vulnerable early months of life.