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Related Concept Videos

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential ensures...
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Measurement of Extracellular Ion Fluxes Using the Ion-selective Self-referencing Microelectrode Technique
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Published on: May 3, 2015

Transient Potential Profiling for Rapid Calcium Ion Quantification: Eliminating Conditioning Time in Solid-Contact

Kaijie Zheng1,2, Chenjie Yan2, Mengwei Jiang2

  • 1Shenzhen Angel Drinking Water Industrial Group Corporation, Shenzhen 518029, China.

Biosensors
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new electrochemical sensing method that bypasses the need for electrode equilibration, enabling faster and more reliable ion measurements. This innovation leads to conditioning-free, disposable sensors for real-time monitoring applications.

Keywords:
ion-selective electrodesreverse polarizationsingle exponential saturation model

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Multi-analyte Biochip (MAB) Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes (ASSISE) for Physiological Research
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Published on: April 18, 2013

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Measurement of Extracellular Ion Fluxes Using the Ion-selective Self-referencing Microelectrode Technique
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Isolation of Human Atrial Myocytes for Simultaneous Measurements of Ca2+ Transients and Membrane Currents
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Multi-analyte Biochip (MAB) Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes (ASSISE) for Physiological Research
08:03

Multi-analyte Biochip (MAB) Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes (ASSISE) for Physiological Research

Published on: April 18, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Traditional solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) face limitations due to long equilibration times required for stable potential establishment.
  • This thermodynamic bottleneck hinders rapid analysis and the development of disposable sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel transient potential profiling method for electrochemical ion sensing.
  • To eliminate the need for pre-conditioning and stabilization in SC-ISEs by exploiting dynamic kinetics.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing the open-circuit voltage decay within the first 60 seconds of polarization.
  • Utilizing a discharge step to reset the electrode membrane to a reproducible state.
  • Fitting early-stage polarization dynamics to a single exponential saturation model.

Main Results:

  • The transient potential profiling method accurately predicted steady-state responses with an average error of 1.6%.
  • High repeatability (3.22% intra-day RSD) and batch-to-batch reproducibility (4.57%) were achieved.
  • Recovery rates in real water samples ranged from 90.7% to 115.0%, with excellent agreement (R² = 0.997) compared to ion chromatography.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method enables conditioning-free operation of SC-ISEs, overcoming traditional thermodynamic limitations.
  • This strategy facilitates the creation of disposable ISEs suitable for point-of-care and environmental monitoring.
  • Exploiting dynamic kinetics offers a paradigm shift in electrochemical ion sensing technology.