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Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
The Retina01:32

The Retina

The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Rhodopsin Transport Assay by High-Content Imaging Analysis
12:11

A Rhodopsin Transport Assay by High-Content Imaging Analysis

Published on: January 16, 2019

Cone Opsins and Inherited Retinal Disease.

Maya Tang1, Paul S-H Park2

  • 1Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Cells
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cone opsins, crucial for color vision, are less understood than rod opsins. Mutations in cone opsin genes cause inherited retinal disorders, and mouse models aid in studying these defects.

Keywords:
color blindnesscone opsindeuteranopiainherited retinal diseasemouse modelsphotoreceptor cellprotanopiatritanopia

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Rhodopsin Transport Assay by High-Content Imaging Analysis
12:11

A Rhodopsin Transport Assay by High-Content Imaging Analysis

Published on: January 16, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Vision Science
  • Genetics and Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Opsins are photoreceptor proteins essential for vision.
  • Cone opsins are vital for color vision and visual acuity.
  • Cone opsin gene array mutations lead to inherited retinal disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on cone opsin mutations.
  • To discuss inherited cone dysfunctions caused by these mutations.
  • To present mouse models for studying cone opsin defects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cone opsin research.
  • Analysis of genetic mutations and associated retinal disorders.
  • Examination of existing mouse models for cone opsin dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Cone opsins (L-, M-, S-opsin) have distinct spectral sensitivities.
  • Mutations disrupt cone opsin structure/function, causing conditions like blue cone monochromacy.
  • Mouse models offer insights into pathophysiology of cone opsin defects.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cone opsin mutations is critical for diagnosing and treating inherited retinal diseases.
  • Further research using animal models will elucidate cone opsin pathophysiology.
  • Cone opsin research advances our knowledge of visual function and disorders.