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Microwave Radiation Remodels Hippocampal Astrocytes Subpopulations and Intercellular Communication at Single-Cell

Chenxu Chang¹, Zhihua Feng¹, Yumeng Ye¹

¹Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.

|June 25, 2026

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Microwave exposure impairs hippocampus-dependent working memory in mice. This is linked to astrocyte changes, including altered cell populations, reactive states, and communication, affecting brain function.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cell Biology
Toxicology

Background:

Microwave radiation's health effects, particularly on neural tissues, are a growing concern.
Oxidative stress is a proposed mechanism for microwave-induced central nervous system dysfunction.
The hippocampus, crucial for memory, is vulnerable to microwave radiation, but mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of microwave exposure on hippocampus-dependent working memory.
To explore the cellular and molecular changes in the hippocampus following microwave exposure.
To elucidate the role of astrocytes in microwave radiation-induced hippocampal dysfunction.

Main Methods:

Mice were exposed to microwave radiation and assessed for working memory using behavioral tests (Go/No-go, Y-maze, novel object recognition).

Keywords:

astrocyte cognitive impairment hippocampus microwave radiation single-cell RNA sequencing

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Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on hippocampal tissues to analyze cell types and transcriptional states.

Cell-cell communication networks were analyzed to understand intercellular signaling alterations.

Main Results:

Microwave-exposed mice showed significant working memory deficits 6 hours and 7 days post-exposure.
Single-cell analysis revealed shifts in astrocyte subpopulation proportions and a transition towards reactive states.
Astrocyte communication analysis indicated increased signaling related to inflammation and phagocytosis, and decreased trophic support signaling.

Conclusions:

Microwave exposure causes hippocampus-dependent working memory deficits.
These deficits are associated with astrocyte transcriptional remodeling, including altered subpopulation composition and a shift to reactive phenotypes.
Changes in astrocyte intercellular communication provide a framework for understanding their role in microwave radiation-induced hippocampal dysfunction.