Delayed Radiological Resolution: A Comparative Longitudinal Study of Viral Pneumonia Evolution in Diabetic vs....

Diabetic patients face increased severity in viral respiratory infections, yet during the longitudinal progression of lung recovery, the radiological clearance is poorly quantified.

This prospective study at an infectious diseases hospital analyzed 430 patients with confirmed viral pneumonia. Radiological severity (Rx) and pleural effusion were scored (0-3) at admission (day 1) and follow-up (day 6).

Diabetics presented with significantly higher baseline severity (Median 2.0 vs. 1.0, p < 0.0001). While both groups improved at identical rates (Median Δ = -1.0), a significant radiological lag persisted in diabetics at day 6 (Median 1.0 vs. 0.0, p < 0.0001). Attrition analysis (N = 75) revealed a divergent lethal split: attrition in the non-diabetic cohort was almost exclusively driven by low-severity early departures against medical advice (94.2%), whereas diabetic attrition was primarily characterized by early mortality (60.9%; p < 0.0001). Although the diabetic state was associated with a pronounced radiographic resolution delay in unadjusted comparisons, this disadvantage was substantially attenuated and lost statistical significance after adjustment for admission radiological severity (adjusted OR 2.04, 95% CI 0.88-4.76) and chronic comorbidity burden (adjusted OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.56-3.39), indicating that the diabetic lag is largely explained by a higher presenting severity and comorbidity burden rather than by an independent acute effect of diabetes itself. Sensitivity analyses suggest that the observed lag in survivors likely underestimates the true disease burden, given the concentration of early mortality among high-risk diabetic cases.