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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction and Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in Atrial Fibrillation: Recent Advances in

Shanquan Gao¹, Xiaodi Tang¹

¹Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, No. 168 Litang Road, Changping District, Beijing 102218, China.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease

|June 25, 2026

Summary

Ultra-short-term heart rate variability (usHRV) shows promise for predicting atrial fibrillation. Analyzing usHRV can help detect early signs of this common heart rhythm disorder.

Keywords:

atrial fibrillation autonomic nervous function heart rate variability ultra-short-term heart rate variability

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

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Published on: July 20, 2022

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Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping

Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping

Published on: February 22, 2018

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Autonomic Nervous System Research
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Atrial fibrillation development involves complex electrical, structural, and neural remodeling.
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) remodeling is crucial for atrial fibrillation initiation and progression.
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a key metric for assessing autonomic function in cardiovascular research.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the significance of ultra-short-term heart rate variability (usHRV) in early atrial fibrillation prediction.
To emphasize the role of ANS remodeling in atrial fibrillation pathogenesis.
To underscore the application of HRV analysis in cardiovascular research.

Main Methods:

Utilizing ultra-short-term heart rate variability (usHRV) analysis.
Assessing autonomic function through heart rate variability (HRV) measurements.
Correlating HRV parameters with atrial fibrillation development.

Main Results:

Ultra-short-term heart rate variability (usHRV) analysis demonstrates significant predictive value for atrial fibrillation.
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) remodeling is a pivotal factor in atrial fibrillation.
HRV analysis is a valuable tool in cardiovascular research for understanding autonomic function.

Conclusions:

Ultra-short-term heart rate variability (usHRV) offers a promising approach for the early prediction of atrial fibrillation.
Understanding autonomic nervous system (ANS) remodeling is critical for managing atrial fibrillation.
Heart rate variability (HRV) remains an important non-invasive tool for cardiovascular assessment.