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Fluoride Modified Graded Restoratives Based on Induced Silica Mineralization
Ahmed K Al-Kamal1, Israa Z Ahmed2, Esraa A Abbod1
1Materials Engineering Department, Engineering College, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10045, Iraq.
Journal of Functional Biomaterials
|June 25, 2026
Summary
This study developed a new bioactive dental restorative material using biomimetic mineralization and fluoride modification. The enhanced material shows improved mechanical strength, wear resistance, and acid resistance for better dental restorations.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Dental Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Existing dental restorative materials lack bioactivity, acid resistance, and mechanical compatibility.
- Developing advanced dental materials is crucial for improving restoration longevity and performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize a biomimetic, fluoride-modified, functionally gradient dental restorative material.
- To evaluate the bioactivity, mechanical properties, and acid resistance of the novel material.
Main Methods:
- Utilized sol-gel-derived mesoporous silica and simulated body fluid (SBF) for biomimetic mineralization.
- Introduced fluoride modification to the silica surface to generate hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite phases.
- Conducted in vitro analyses including XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, mechanical testing, shear bond strength, wear, and acid resistance tests.
Main Results:
- Confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite phases on the silica surface.
- Achieved statistically significant improvements in mechanical properties, surface hardness (214-392 HV), and shear bond strength (9.2-21.4 MPa).
- Demonstrated enhanced wear resistance (12.8-3.6 mg) and superior acid resistance with 92.1% hardness retention.
Conclusions:
- The developed fluoride-modified, functionally gradient material exhibits promising bioactivity, mechanical integrity, and acid resistance.
- The biomimetic approach successfully created a material with potential for advanced dental restoration applications.
- The material's properties partially mimic natural dental tissues, suggesting improved biocompatibility and performance.
