Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Delayed Intramyocardial Delivery of Stem Cells after Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in a Murine Model
07:50

Delayed Intramyocardial Delivery of Stem Cells after Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in a Murine Model

Published on: September 3, 2020

Hemorrhagic Myocardial Infarction and Intramyocardial Hemorrhage: From Microvascular Damage to Emerging Therapeutic

Valentin Chioncel1,2, Anamaria-Georgiana Avram2, Raluca Ciomag1,2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.

Medical Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 25, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) is a severe microvascular injury after heart attack, linked to worse outcomes. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging can detect IMH, aiding risk stratification and potentially guiding future therapies for better patient recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Radiology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) is a critical microvascular injury post-myocardial infarction (MI).
  • IMH correlates with microvascular obstruction, larger infarcts, impaired left-ventricular function, and adverse clinical outcomes.
  • Current evidence is largely observational, lacking prospective validation for IMH-guided management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, diagnostic imaging, prognostic implications, and therapeutic potential of IMH.
  • To highlight current knowledge gaps in standardized imaging and clinical implementation.
  • To discuss future directions for phenotype-directed therapies for IMH.

Main Methods:

  • This is a narrative review synthesizing existing research.
  • Focus on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques, particularly T2* and R2* mapping.
  • Analysis of mechanistic, translational, and clinical studies on IMH.

Main Results:

  • IMH is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling and poor clinical outcomes.
  • Susceptibility-sensitive CMR techniques enable in vivo detection of IMH.
  • Iron deposition from erythrocyte degradation may drive persistent inflammation and adverse healing.

Conclusions:

  • IMH is a significant marker of severe post-MI injury with prognostic implications.
  • CMR offers a valuable tool for diagnosing IMH and refining risk stratification.
  • Further research is needed for standardized imaging protocols and prospective validation of IMH-guided therapies.

Keywords:
cardiac magnetic resonancehemorrhagic myocardial infarctionintramyocardial hemorrhagemicrovascular obstructionno-reflowreperfusion injury

More Related Videos

Minimal Invasive Surgical Procedure of Inducing Myocardial Infarction in Mice09:05

Minimal Invasive Surgical Procedure of Inducing Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Published on: May 4, 2015

Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice07:28

Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Published on: July 2, 2018

Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.