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Interactive mHealth Applications for Caregiver Training in Urinary Catheterization: A Scoping Review.

Hortência Fernandes¹, Layze Braz de Oliveira², Marília Duarte Valim³

¹Campus Três Lagoas, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Três Lagoas 79070-900, MS, Brazil.

Nursing Reports (Pavia, Italy)

|June 25, 2026

Summary

Mobile health apps show promise for training caregivers in urinary catheterization management, improving skills and confidence. However, more research is needed to confirm clinical benefits and address accessibility barriers.

Keywords:

caregivers digital health health education mobile applications nursing nursing care scoping review urinary catheterization

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

Nursing
Digital Health
Caregiver Support

Background:

Urinary catheterization requires consistent caregiver training for safe management, especially during home care and transitions.
Current caregiver training is often limited and inconsistent, posing risks to patient safety.
Mobile health (mHealth) applications offer potential solutions for enhanced caregiver education and decision support.

Purpose of the Study:

To map and synthesize evidence on interactive mobile applications for caregiver training in urinary catheterization.
To develop a conceptual framework to guide nursing practice and inform future mHealth interventions.

Main Methods:

A scoping review was conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
Searches included major databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS) and grey literature.
Included studies evaluated interactive mobile applications for urinary catheterization caregiver training, with data synthesized descriptively and narratively.

Main Results:

Five studies (2020-2025) were included, mostly early-stage with small, diverse samples.
Interventions combined educational content with interactive features (e.g., decision support) and behavioral strategies (e.g., reminders).
Outcomes primarily focused on caregiver knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy; clinical outcomes like infection reduction were rarely assessed.

Conclusions:

Interactive mHealth applications show potential for improving urinary catheter management safety through caregiver training.
The developed conceptual framework illustrates how intervention components influence caregiver competence and outcomes.
Current evidence is preliminary, highlighting the need for further research on effectiveness and clinical impact.