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Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise

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Published on: March 29, 2019

Mapping Nursing Competencies Described for Disaster Response Within the Civil Defense Context: A Scoping Review.

Gabriele Caggianelli^1,2, Marco Iorfida^1,3, Fabio Petrelli⁴

¹Department of Healthcare Professions, Azienda Ospedaliera Complesso Ospedaliero San Giovanni Addolorata, Via dell'Amba Aradam, 9, 00184 Rome, Italy.

Nursing Reports (Pavia, Italy)

|June 25, 2026

Summary

Effective disaster response requires clear nursing competencies within Civil Defense (CD) systems. This study maps essential skills, identifies training gaps, and highlights the need for integrated disaster nursing education.

Keywords:

civil defense disaster management disaster nursing nurse’s role scoping review

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise

Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise

Published on: March 29, 2019

Area of Science:

Nursing
Disaster Management
Public Health

Background:

Increasing disaster complexity necessitates integrating nurses into Civil Defense (CD).
Existing nursing competencies for multi-agency disaster response are fragmented and undefined.
Disaster nursing is a critical, evolving field due to climate events and global conflicts.

Purpose of the Study:

To map nursing competencies for disaster response within the Civil Defense (CD) context.
To identify essential skills, contextual variations, and barriers to applying nursing competencies in disaster response.
To inform the development of standardized disaster nursing education and preparedness programs.

Main Methods:

A scoping review was conducted following JBI methodology.
PRISMA-ScR guidelines were used for reporting.
Searches of major databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase) included studies from 2011-2025, with 27 studies included.

Main Results:

Identified 12 core competency domains for disaster nursing.
Clinical care (70%), communication (63%), and leadership (60%) were most cited.
Lack of specific training (44%) and standardized curricula (41%) were key barriers; requirements varied by hazard and setting.

Conclusions:

Disaster nursing is an essential, specialized field.
Urgent need to integrate "organizational literacy" and psychological resilience beyond clinical skills.
Harmonize educational pathways with national Civil Defense (CD) policies and competency-based programs.