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Endocarditis I: Introduction

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis by Acinetobacter baumannii: Case Report and Systematic Descriptive Review.

Annabella Salvati¹, Loredana Alessio¹, Gloria Trombaccia²

¹Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 25, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii can cause severe infective endocarditis, particularly prosthetic valve endocarditis. Surgical intervention may improve survival rates in these challenging cases.

Keywords:

Acinetobacter baumannii antimicrobial resistance cefiderocol extensively drug-resistant bacteria (XDR)infective endocarditis osteomyelitis prosthetic valve endocarditis surgical management

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Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Rat

Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Rat

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An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues

An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues

Published on: January 7, 2019

Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Rat

Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Rat

Published on: June 4, 2012

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Cardiology
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVE) poses a significant clinical challenge.
Acinetobacter baumannii, particularly extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains, is an emerging pathogen in healthcare-associated infections.
Limited data exist on PVE caused by XDR Acinetobacter baumannii.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a case of PVE caused by XDR Acinetobacter baumannii.
To systematically review the literature on Acinetobacter baumannii infective endocarditis (IE).
To analyze the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of IE caused by Acinetobacter baumannii.

Main Methods:

A case of PVE due to XDR Acinetobacter baumannii is presented.
A systematic descriptive review of PubMed and Embase databases was conducted up to January 2026.
Search terms included "A. baumannii" AND ("infective endocarditis" OR "endocarditis" OR "valvular infection").
Included were 19 clinical cases of IE caused by Acinetobacter baumannii.

Main Results:

The case patient developed PVE after osteomyelitis caused by XDR Acinetobacter baumannii and unfortunately died despite treatment.
Of the 19 reviewed cases, 9 involved prosthetic valves, 9 involved native valves, and 1 involved a right atrial mass.
Twelve cases were caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) or XDR Acinetobacter baumannii.
Mortality was higher in patients not treated with surgery (69%) compared to those treated with surgery (16.7%), though this requires cautious interpretation due to small sample size.

Conclusions:

Infective endocarditis caused by Acinetobacter baumannii is a severe condition.
Multidisciplinary management is crucial for addressing Acinetobacter baumannii IE.
Surgical intervention may be associated with improved outcomes in Acinetobacter baumannii IE.