Three-Dimensional Electro-Fenton System with CuFe₂O₄-Loaded Granular Activated Carbon as the Catalytic Particle...

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a typical endocrine disruptor that poses a significant threat to ecosystems. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly degradation technology. In this study, a novel bimetallic oxide-loaded GAC (Granulated Activated Carbon) particle electrode (CuFe₂O₄@GAC) was designed and applied to a three-dimensional electro-Fenton (3D-EF) system for efficient removal of BPA. The bimetallic synergistic effect of Cu and Fe was used to promote the Fenton reaction and enhance the efficiency of hydroxyl radical ·OH generation. The results show that under conditions of 20 g/L CuFe₂O₄@GAC, pH = 3, 10 mA/cm², and an electrode spacing of 2.0 cm, a BPA removal rate of over 93% (20 mg/L) was achieved within 45 min. The prepared CuFe₂O₄@GAC exhibits good stability, maintaining an 86.2% BPA degradation rate over five cycle experiments. The catalytic mechanism and degradation pathways were further analyzed through characterization methods such as radical quenching experiments, XPS analysis, EPR, and LC-MS detection. Radical quenching experiments confirmed that ·OH radicals play a significant role in the decomposition of BPA. Based on the identification of intermediates, a possible decomposition pathway for BPA was proposed. Toxicity analysis indicated that the toxicity of most intermediates was significantly lower than that of BPA. This work provides an efficient and energy-saving strategy for BPA removal.