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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches
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Published on: October 18, 2024

Improved Neuromuscular Performance in Low-Load vs. Moderate-Load Resistance Training Among Young Elite Swimmers.

David Rodríguez-Rosell1,2, Henrique Pereira Neiva3,4, Daniel Almeida Marinho3,4

  • 1Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

For elite junior swimmers, both low-load (40-50% 1RM) and moderate-load (55-65% 1RM) resistance training improved performance. However, low-load training showed additional benefits for jumping, pull-ups, and starts, suggesting it

Keywords:
bench pressfull-squatjumpland-based strength trainingswimming performance

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Swimming Performance

Background:

  • Resistance training (RT) is crucial for enhancing neuromuscular performance and sprint swimming outcomes in elite junior swimmers.
  • Optimal RT relative load intensity for this demographic, especially concerning minimizing fatigue during high training volumes, remains under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of low-load (40-50% 1RM) versus moderate-load (55-65% 1RM) land-based RT on strength, jumping, and 50m freestyle swimming performance in elite junior swimmers.
  • To investigate if lower relative loads can yield significant adaptations while reducing neuromuscular fatigue in swimmers with high concurrent training demands.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen elite junior swimmers were randomly assigned to either a low-load or moderate-load RT group.
  • Both groups underwent an 8-week RT program (2 sessions/week) with identical exercises, volume, velocity, and in-water training load.
  • Neuromuscular (jump, strength tests) and swimming (50m freestyle) performance were assessed pre- and post-intervention.

Main Results:

  • Both RT protocols enhanced squat and bench press strength and 50m freestyle performance.
  • The low-load group showed significantly greater improvements in countermovement jump, pull-up strength, and maximal pull-up repetitions.
  • Favorable group-by-time interactions favoring the low-load group were observed for countermovement jump, maximal pull-ups, and 50m freestyle performance from a starting block.

Conclusions:

  • Both low-load (40-50% 1RM) and moderate-load (55-65% 1RM) high-velocity RT effectively improve neuromuscular and 50m freestyle swimming performance in elite junior swimmers.
  • Low-load RT demonstrated additional benefits for jumping ability, pull-up strength, and block start performance.
  • Low-load resistance training presents a practical and effective alternative to moderate-load RT within high-volume swimming training contexts.