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The Effects of Different Warm-Up Protocols on Sprint Performance
Frane Žuvela1,2, Goran Kuvačić1,2, Paula Matijašević1,2
1Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 25, 2026
Summary
Sprint-specific warm-ups enhance sprint performance in female athletes over longer distances, unlike general warm-ups. Male athletes showed no significant differences across warm-up protocols, suggesting sex-specific responses to warm-up strategies.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Athletic Performance
Background:
- Warm-up protocols significantly impact sprint performance.
- Understanding sex-specific responses to different warm-ups is crucial for optimizing athletic training.
- Previous research has not fully elucidated the effects of various warm-up strategies on repeated sprint performance across sexes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the acute effects of three distinct warm-up protocols on repeated sprint performance in male and female athletes.
- To investigate potential sex-specific differences in response to general long warm-up (GLW), long specific warm-up (LSW), and short specific warm-up (SSW).
Main Methods:
- Thirty-four male and 23 female athletes participated in the study.
- Participants underwent three warm-up protocols (GLW, LSW, SSW) on separate occasions.
- Maximal 60 m sprints with 10 m and 40 m split times were recorded and analyzed using a three-way mixed-design ANOVA.
Main Results:
- A significant interaction between warm-up protocol and sex was observed at 40 m and 60 m sprint distances.
- Female athletes demonstrated faster sprint times with LSW and SSW compared to GLW at 40 m and 60 m.
- No significant differences in sprint performance were found among the warm-up protocols for male athletes.
Conclusions:
- Sprint-specific warm-ups (LSW, SSW) improve sprint performance in female athletes over 40 m and 60 m compared to a general warm-up (GLW).
- No protocol-dependent performance differences were noted in male athletes.
- Sex-specific responses to warm-up protocols may be influenced by sprint distance, highlighting the need for tailored training strategies.
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