Charting the Path Forward for HIV Immune-Based Prevention: Contributions of the Division of AIDS at NIAID

This perspective outlines the ongoing necessity for an HIV vaccine and immune-based prevention strategies in an era of availability of multiple behavioral and pharmacological HIV prevention interventions, including safe and highly effective pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We describe the approach of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Division of AIDS (DAIDS), based on key scientific progress, critical steps, and persistent challenges in achieving broad and durable immune protection against HIV. We highlight DAIDS coordinated infrastructure, clinical trial networks, and partnerships that enable iterative development and de-risk innovation for these interventions. Finally, we consider implications for trial design and priorities for advancing scalable HIV immune-based prevention.