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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
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Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

Pakistan's 2025 HPV Vaccine Phase I Rollout: Community Response, Implementation Challenges & Way Forward.

Wei Xia1, Soofia Yunus2, Atta Ur Rehman1

  • 1WHO Country Office, Prime Minister's National Health Complex, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.

Vaccines
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Pakistan

Keywords:
HPV vaccinecommunity engagementimplementation challengesnational coverageroutine immunization

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
13:41

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Cervical cancer causes significant mortality in Pakistan, with 3197 deaths annually.
  • The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine offers over 90% protection against HPV types 16 & 18.
  • This study documents the initial Phase I introduction of the HPV vaccine in Pakistan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the introduction of the HPV vaccine in Pakistan, a low-middle-income country.
  • To evaluate the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) preparedness, vaccination coverage, community acceptance, and implementation challenges.
  • To provide insights for future HPV vaccine rollouts.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative participant observation and quantitative data analysis.
  • Qualitative assessment of planning, approval, and implementation phases.
  • Quantitative evaluation of national/regional vaccination coverage, convenience, and adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Overall administrative HPV campaign coverage was 75%, with regional variations (Punjab 81%, Sindh 66%).
  • Key reasons for refusal included unavailable girls (22%) and other factors (71%).
  • Initial phase coverage (70.6%) exceeded the global average (61.6%) for a similar cohort, indicating a promising start.

Conclusions:

  • The initial HPV vaccine rollout in Pakistan shows encouraging coverage despite implementation challenges.
  • Recommendations include integrating HPV vaccine into routine immunization and addressing logistical/communication barriers.
  • Lessons learned are crucial for subsequent phases in other regions.