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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Identifying Coronary Artery Calcification on Non-gated Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: August 28, 2018
Recurrent Calcified Coronary Nodules
Rita-Maria Abdo1, Katherine Chiswell2, Sarah Fairley3
1The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
None:
Calcified coronary nodules (CCNs) are a distinct and under-recognized subset of coronary artery calcification, characterized by irregular calcium deposits. Their unique morphology creates considerable technical challenges during percutaneous coronary intervention, contributing to an elevated risk of in-stent restenosis and stent failure, often due to eruptive nodular reprotrusion through stent struts. Although various calcium modification techniques have been proposed, the optimal management strategy for recurrent CCNs remains unclear. Here we present 3 cases of recurrent CCNs in the right coronary artery, each demonstrating different procedural strategies and outcomes.
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...

