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Accuracy of the rapid-response electroencephalography's Automated Seizure Burden Estimator: A follow-up validation
Zubeda B Sheikh1,2, Michael W K Fong1,3, Monica B Dhakar4
1Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Objective:
Ceribell Inc.'s point-of-care electroencephalographic (EEG) system and artificial intelligence-based Automated Seizure Burden Estimator (ASBE; ClarityPro) have US Food and Drug Administration clearance for diagnosing electrographic status epilepticus (ESE). The AccuRASE study using ASBE version 6 (V6) showed high negative predictive value (NPV) but limited sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) at certain thresholds. Version 8 (V8) is the updated algorithm trained with additional EEG samples.
Methods:
We tested V8 on the previously used rapid-response EEG test dataset (not used to train V8). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were compared against blinded expert annotations. ESE, ESE and possible ESE (ESE/pESE), electrographic seizures (ESz), and Esz with highly epileptiform patterns (Esz/HEPs) at burden thresholds of >1%, >10%, >20%, >50%, and >90% were analyzed. Additionally, we evaluated the built-in ESE and ESE/pESE alerts (≥90% over 5 min, ≥20% over 1 h, or ≥10 continuous minutes of seizure).
Results:
V8 showed 100% sensitivity at lower thresholds (>10%-20%) for ESE (V6 .86), without a specificity loss (V8 .9 vs. V6 .85), and retained NPV (V8 1.0 vs. V6 .99). Sensitivity at 50% threshold was .86 for ESE (V6 .71), and specificity was .94 (V6 .91); PPV for ESE was 30% for ESE and 80% for ESE/pESE. The specificity for ESE remained high for 90% burden (V8 .96, V6 .97) but the sensitivity dropped (.29 vs. V6 .43). Sensitivity was lower for ESz/HEPs (.54 → .44 at >10% threshold), although the algorithm is not designed to detect HEPs. Built-in alert analysis showed significantly improved sensitivity for ESE (.57 → .86); specificity and NPV remained high (>.94).
Significance:
ASBE V8 showed meaningful improvements in sensitivity, continued excellent NPV, and improved built-in alert accuracy for ESE and ESE/pESE. The best seizure burden threshold for ruling out ESE now is 20% (vs. 10% with V6) and that for ruling in ESE/pESE with reasonable certainty is 50% (vs. 90% with V6).
