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Synthesis and Surface Engineering of Two-Dimensional MXenes for Advanced Functional Applications
Dalil N H Al-Ghubairi1, Hadi M Marwani1,2, Mahmood D Aljabri3
1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|June 25, 2026
Summary
Two-dimensional MXenes (2D MXenes) show great promise for catalysis, energy storage, and sensing due to their unique properties. Recent advances focus on novel synthesis, post-synthesis modifications, and addressing challenges for next-generation technologies.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Chemistry
Background:
- Two-dimensional MXenes (2D MXenes) are a class of transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides.
- They possess metallic conductivity, hydrophilic surfaces, high surface area, and tunable surface terminations.
- These properties make them suitable for catalysis, sensing, energy storage, and environmental remediation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in MXene research since 2020.
- To discuss synthesis strategies, post-synthesis modifications, and applications of MXenes.
- To critically analyze challenges and future prospects in MXene development.
Main Methods:
- Review of conventional top-down etching (e.g., HF etching) and in situ fluoride-based methods.
- Exploration of safer fluoride-free synthesis routes (electrochemical, hydrothermal, molten-salt etching).
- Discussion of bottom-up fabrication (CVD, template-assisted growth) and post-synthesis modifications (ALD, solvothermal, microwave-assisted, ball-milling).
Main Results:
- Recent progress in MXene synthesis, including fluoride-free and bottom-up approaches.
- Advancements in post-synthesis modification for tailoring MXene properties (interlayer spacing, surface chemistry).
- Summarized applications in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, energy storage, and sensors, emphasizing structure-property-performance relationships.
Conclusions:
- MXenes offer significant potential for advanced applications due to their tunable properties.
- Key challenges include oxidation, restacking, and scalable, safe production.
- Future research should focus on overcoming these challenges for next-generation MXene-based devices.
