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An Exploratory Comparative Analysis of Mixed Reality Simulation Versus 3D-Printed Models for Undergraduate Training
Ruza Bjelovucic1, Bruna Neves de Freitas1,2, Sven Erik Nørholt1,3
1Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Journal of Dental Education
|June 25, 2026
Summary
Mixed reality (MR) simulation and 3D-printed models show comparable effectiveness for wisdom tooth removal training. MR offers high realism for standardized practice, complementing tactile feedback from models in surgical education.
Area of Science:
- Dental Education
- Surgical Simulation
- Medical Technology
Background:
- Traditional methods for training dental students in wisdom tooth removal are evolving.
- Simulation technologies, including mixed reality (MR) and 3D-printed models, offer potential advancements.
- Comparing the efficacy and student perception of these novel training tools is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the effectiveness of MR simulation versus 3D-printed models for undergraduate wisdom tooth removal training.
- To evaluate dental students' perceptions regarding the realism, usability, and effectiveness of the MR simulator.
Main Methods:
- A randomized crossover study involving 20 undergraduate dental students.
- Participants trained sequentially on both MR simulator and 3D-printed models.
- Performance metrics (time, bone removal, errors) and Likert scale perceptions were collected.
Main Results:
- No significant difference in task completion time or bone removal volume between modalities.
- MR simulation showed a trend toward less bone removal and a higher rate of lingual bone perforation.
- Students reported high perceived realism, usability, and learning effectiveness for the MR simulator.
Conclusions:
- MR simulation provides high perceived realism and enables standardized, repeatable training.
- 3D-printed models offer valuable tactile feedback for surgical skill development.
- MR simulation can effectively complement existing training methods for third molar surgery.
