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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
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Vocabulary Breadth and Depth in Adults With Developmental Language Disorder.

Tingting Wang1, Charlotte Hilker1, Dawna Duff2

  • 1Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Iowa, Iowa City.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) show deficits in both vocabulary breadth and depth, impacting their language skills into adulthood. These findings emphasize assessing both aspects for a comprehensive language profile.

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Published on: June 25, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Psychology
  • Speech and Language Pathology

Background:

  • Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) affects 7%-11% of children, often persisting into adulthood.
  • DLD is associated with long-term challenges in education, employment, and health.
  • While vocabulary issues are known in children with DLD, adult manifestations are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate vocabulary knowledge in adults with DLD.
  • To examine vocabulary breadth (word recognition) and depth (semantic understanding).
  • To compare vocabulary skills between adults with DLD and typical language (TL) peers.

Main Methods:

  • Vocabulary breadth assessed using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Fifth Edition (PPVT-5).
  • Vocabulary depth evaluated using a novel scoring system for the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-Second Edition (WASI-II) Vocabulary subtest.
  • Linear regression analyses compared adults with DLD (n=39) and TL peers (n=57).

Main Results:

  • Adults with DLD scored significantly lower than TL peers on both vocabulary breadth and depth.
  • The PPVT-5 (breadth) showed a larger effect size than the WASI-II depth measure.
  • This indicates significant vocabulary impairments in adults with DLD.

Conclusions:

  • Characterizes long-term vocabulary development in adults with DLD.
  • Highlights the necessity of assessing both vocabulary breadth and depth in adults.
  • Informs clinical language profiling for adults with DLD.