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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
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Cluster Sampling Method01:20

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

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Patterns between evidence seeking behaviors, reasoning, and cognitive reflection: A supervised clustering approach.

Chénangnon Frédéric Tovissodé1, Florian Justwan1,2, Bert Baumgaertner1,2

  • 1Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America.

Plos One
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new strategy to analyze how people gather and process evidence when making decisions under risk. This method reveals that the base rate neglect heuristic influences evidence gathering, impacting health communication strategies.

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Published on: February 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Science
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Decision-making under risk involves complex evidence gathering and information processing.
  • Analyzing evidence gathering styles becomes analytically challenging as information complexity grows.
  • Existing methods often categorize evidence into pre-defined, potentially limiting, groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel, two-pronged strategy for analyzing evidence gathering and information processing.
  • To bridge the gap between research on evidence gathering and information processing.
  • To investigate the manifestation of the base rate neglect heuristic in evidence gathering.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an observational setting with fine-grained evidence accessed via queries to ensure relevance.
  • Applied supervised clustering with the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) methodology.
  • Collected data from a diverse online sample in the United States (August 2024).

Main Results:

  • The proposed strategy effectively integrates evidence seeking, information processing, and decision-making pathways.
  • The base rate neglect heuristic, known in information processing, was identified as a heuristic in first-order data gathering.
  • Cognitive reflection test performance predicted full data selection, yet these individuals showed similar deference behavior to base rate neglecters.

Conclusions:

  • The base rate neglect heuristic influences how individuals gather initial data, not just how they process it.
  • Current evidential categories in information seeking may not capture nuanced differences in deference behaviors.
  • Findings have implications for designing more effective and less fallacious health communication strategies.