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Color stainability, microhardness, sorption, and solubility of 3D printed interim crowns
Jessica Jacovetti Mesquita1, Thiago Mekhael de Sousa2, Hugo Riguete Guimarães3
1Postgraduate student, University of Brasilia (UnB), Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil.
Statement Of Problem:
The emergence of digitally assisted dentistry has led to the development of various 3-dimensional (3D) printing materials for interim restorations.
Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties of 3D printed interim resin materials for crowns compared with those of conventionally polymerized interim restorations.
Material And Methods:
A total of 120 disk-shaped specimens (Ø15×1 mm) were fabricated using 3 types of interim resins: 3D printed resin (P), autopolymerizing acrylic resin (AU), and bis-acryl resin (B). The specimens were divided into groups based on the specific tests performed: sorption and solubility (n=15), Vickers microhardness (n=15), and color stainability (n=90). The diffusion coefficient was calculated as the sum of the sorption and solubility values. For color stainability testing, the specimens were immersed in distilled water, red wine, or coffee for 1 hour daily over a 21-day period, and color differences (ΔE) were recorded at 7, 14, and 21 days. Data analysis was conducted using 1-way ANOVA for Vickers microhardness, sorption, and solubility, while 2-way ANOVA (for each material and time), with the Tukey multiple comparison test was applied for color stainability (α=.05).
Results:
No significant differences were found in the Vickers microhardness (P=.106) or solubility (P=.932) among the resins. The sorption and diffusion coefficients differed significantly among the analyzed materials (P<.001). Color stainability varied by material, with higher ΔE values for red wine and coffee stains. Group AU showed no significant color changes between 14 and 21 days after immersion in wine or coffee, although differences were noted at 7 days. Group B differed significantly from the AU group only under coffee conditions, with changes observed at all time points. Group P showed significant color variations in both wine and coffee across all evaluation periods.
Conclusions:
All 3 materials exhibited similar microhardness and solubility. However, 3D printed resins showed greater color changes in red wine and coffee over time, along with higher sorption and diffusion coefficients than conventional autopolymerizing acrylic and bis-acryl resins.
