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RSV prophylactics for pediatric populations: A product review and meta-analysis of real-world effectiveness

Isabela O Oliva1, Carlos R Oliveira2,3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|June 25, 2026
PubMed

Insights

New long-acting monoclonal antibodies and maternal vaccines offer significant protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations in infants. These advancements provide crucial prevention strategies for young children globally.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory illness and hospitalization in infants globally.
  • Current infant management for RSV is mainly supportive, with limited and temporary immunity from natural infection.
  • Palivizumab prophylaxis was previously the primary option, but only for specific high-risk infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the scientific basis and clinical evidence for preventing RSV in children.
  • To focus on new long-acting monoclonal antibodies and maternal immunization strategies for RSV prevention.
  • To analyze real-world data on the effectiveness of these novel immunoprophylactic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • A review of biological and clinical data for RSV prevention strategies.
  • Integration of a meta-analysis of real-world effectiveness studies.
  • Discussion of practical implementation and equitable access to new preventive measures.

Main Results:

  • Nirsevimab demonstrated 80.9% effectiveness against RSV-associated hospitalization.
  • Maternal RSVpreF vaccination showed 79.1% effectiveness against RSV-associated hospitalization.
  • Both strategies provide substantial real-world protection for infants.

Conclusions:

  • Novel immunoprophylactic strategies, including nirsevimab and maternal RSVpreF vaccination, significantly reduce RSV hospitalizations in infants.
  • Optimizing the implementation and ensuring equitable access are critical for maximizing the public health impact of these interventions.
  • These advancements represent a transformation in RSV prevention for pediatric populations.

Keywords:
Respiratory syncytial virusclesrovimabmaternal vaccinationmonoclonal antibodiesnirsevimabpediatric prophylaxisprefusion F glycoprotein

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