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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
07:03

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Published on: July 31, 2019

Language laterality and cognitive skills: does anatomy matter?

Ieva Andrulyte1, Laure Zago2, Gael Jobard2

  • 1The BRAIN Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

White matter integrity in the brain, specifically the arcuate fasciculus and corpus callosum, influences cognitive abilities like working memory and attention. Atypical language lateralization may not be maladaptive, but crossed dominance presents cognitive challenges.

Keywords:
arcuate fasciculuscognitive functioncorpus callosumdiffusion MRIlanguage lateralisationwhite matter

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Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD)
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Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
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Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

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Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD)
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Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
13:12

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Published on: August 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • White matter microstructure is crucial for cognitive function and language lateralization.
  • The arcuate fasciculus and corpus callosum are key white matter tracts involved in language and cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between white matter microstructural parameters and cognitive performance across different language lateralization groups.
  • To explore the role of white matter integrity in individuals with atypical language lateralization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized neuroimaging (diffusion MRI, fMRI) and cognitive data from 279 healthy adults.
  • Assessed white matter microstructure (fractional anisotropy) in specific brain regions.
  • Administered cognitive tasks measuring verbal, visuospatial, and arithmetic skills.

Main Results:

  • Found significant positive associations between white matter integrity (splenium FA) and working memory in strongly atypical individuals.
  • Observed a link between white matter integrity (genu FA) and visuospatial attention in atypical individuals.
  • Cross-dominant individuals exhibited lower visuospatial attention compared to consistently lateralized individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Atypical language lateralization may be compensated by white matter pathways, challenging the idea that it is inherently maladaptive.
  • Disrupted interhemispheric communication in crossed dominance may underlie cognitive disadvantages.
  • White matter microstructure plays a significant role in cognitive performance across diverse language lateralization patterns.