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Related Concept Videos

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
11:14

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: October 2, 2016

X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry in Botanical Drugs' Research - Applications, Methodologies, and Future Perspectives.

Ling Gao1, CongYing Zhang1, RuiLin Sun2

  • 1College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China.

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry offers rapid, nondestructive analysis for botanical drugs. This review highlights XRF

Keywords:
Geographical traceabilityX-ray fluorescence spectrometrybotanical drugschemometricselemental speciationheavy metal screening

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
11:14

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: October 2, 2016

Preparing Adherent Cells for X-ray Fluorescence Imaging by Chemical Fixation
07:54

Preparing Adherent Cells for X-ray Fluorescence Imaging by Chemical Fixation

Published on: March 12, 2015

Quantifying X-Ray Fluorescence Data Using MAPS
14:58

Quantifying X-Ray Fluorescence Data Using MAPS

Published on: February 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Pharmacognosy
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Botanical drug research increasingly utilizes X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry for multi-elemental analysis.
  • XRF provides rapid and nondestructive elemental characterization of medicinal plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the principles and applications of major XRF techniques in medicinal plant analysis.
  • To explore advancements and emerging interdisciplinary uses of XRF in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of energy-dispersive XRF (EDXRF), wavelength-dispersive XRF (WDXRF), total reflection XRF (TXRF), synchrotron radiation XRF (SR-XRF), and portable XRF (pXRF).
  • Integration of chemometrics and machine learning for data analysis.
  • Discussion of advances in sample preparation, matrix effect correction, and speciation analysis.

Main Results:

  • XRF applications include heavy metal screening, nutritional profiling, provenance traceability, and authenticity verification.
  • Emerging applications involve metallomics, multidimensional characterization, and green nanomaterial analysis.
  • Ongoing innovations are expanding XRF capabilities despite challenges like detection limits.

Conclusions:

  • XRF is a pivotal method for modern botanical drug quality control.
  • Future integration with spatial metabolomics and multimodal imaging will enhance understanding of elemental-organic relationships.