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Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells
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mRNA-Scaffolded Cytoplasmic Compartments.

Christine Mayr1

  • 1Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA ;

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) organize cellular cytoplasm by forming mesh-like compartments. These mRNA-scaffolded condensates facilitate protein synthesis, folding, and signaling, revealing new roles for mRNA beyond templates.

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09:33

High-Resolution Complexome Profiling by Cryoslicing BN-MS Analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The cytoplasm of vertebrate cells is organized into distinct compartments, including messenger RNA (mRNA)-scaffolded condensates.
  • These condensates, such as TIS granules and the FXR1 network, serve as specialized environments for translation, protein folding, and cellular signaling.
  • While all mRNAs are involved in protein synthesis, only specific mRNAs with long, multivalent 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) function as scaffolds for these condensates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and assembly principles of cytoplasmic mRNA-scaffolded mesh-like compartments.
  • To discuss the biological roles of these compartments in cellular processes.
  • To highlight the essential functions of mRNAs in cytoplasmic organization.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing research on mRNA-scaffolded condensates.
  • It examines the structural characteristics of scaffold mRNAs, particularly their 3' UTRs.
  • The review discusses the functional implications of these condensates in protein biosynthesis and signaling.

Main Results:

  • Scaffold mRNAs, distinguished by long and multivalent 3' UTRs, are crucial for forming irregular, network-like mesh structures.
  • These mesh-like condensates act as critical folding environments, with their multivalent 3' UTRs functioning as cotranslational chaperones for proteins with intrinsically disordered regions.
  • mRNA-mediated proximity within these compartments also enhances post-translational signaling reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Messenger RNAs play a fundamental role in organizing cellular cytoplasm through the formation of functional condensates.
  • These mRNA-scaffolded compartments are vital for efficient protein biosynthesis, proper protein folding, and effective cellular signaling.
  • Understanding these structures provides new insights into cytoplasmic organization and mRNA's multifaceted roles in the cell.