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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
23:06

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

Published on: August 11, 2008

Predicting Tuberculosis Outcomes Using Routine Surveillance Data in Chiang Mai, Thailand: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Porramat Saksaen1, Ekkarat Boonchieng2, Aksara Thongprachum1

  • 1Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand, 66 53 942525.

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predictive models using TB surveillance data identified that HIV co-infection increases mortality risk, while rural living and lack of insurance cause treatment delays. These models can improve TB interventions.

Keywords:
SDGSDG 10SDG 3Thailandgood health and well-beinghealth equitymortalitypredictive modelingreduced inequalitiesresource-limited settingssustainable development goalstreatment delaytuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading global infectious disease cause of death.
  • Thailand faces challenges in early TB detection and care access, especially in rural areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate predictive models for TB outcomes using routine surveillance data.
  • To support risk stratification and inform public health decision-making in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 5557 TB cases (2020-2024) from Chiang Mai's National Tuberculosis Information Program.
  • Models developed to predict treatment success, mortality, and time to treatment initiation.
  • Model performance evaluated using ROC AUC, Harrell C-index, and error metrics; scenario analyses conducted.

Main Results:

  • Mortality strongly associated with HIV co-infection (HR 5.80) and older adults with HIV (HR 12.30).
  • Treatment delays (8-18 days) linked to rural residence and lack of health insurance.
  • Modeled scenarios project a 25% increase in detection, 15% in treatment coverage, and 20% decrease in mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Routine TB surveillance data can power predictive models for risk stratification and outcome insights.
  • TB outcomes are influenced by both clinical vulnerability (HIV) and healthcare access (insurance, location).
  • Data-driven approaches are crucial for targeted TB interventions in resource-limited settings.