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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Post-COVID-19 immune dysregulation and autoimmune sequelae.

Ahmed S Abdel-Moneim1, Mohammad S Al-Balushi1, Ali A Al-Jabri1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.

Virology
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger autoimmune diseases by disrupting immune balance and tolerance, leading to autoantibodies and long-term immune issues in susceptible individuals.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityCOVID-19ImmunopathologyMolecular mimicryOral-gut-brain axisPost-COVID-19 syndromeSARS-CoV-2Self-toleranceTryptophan metabolism

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Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
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Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry

Published on: June 26, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
12:36

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry

Published on: June 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection causes significant immune dysregulation, including hyperinflammation and lymphopenia.
  • Persistent immune responses post-viral clearance can lead to loss of self-tolerance and autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanistic and clinical evidence linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to autoimmunity.
  • To elucidate the pathways and factors contributing to post-COVID-19 autoimmune sequelae.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of mechanistic and clinical evidence.
  • Analysis of viral entry mechanisms, immune pathways, and microbiome/metabolic alterations.
  • Examination of clinical manifestations and autoantibody emergence.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger autoimmunity through molecular mimicry, bystander activation, and epitope spreading.
  • Oral-gut microbiome dysbiosis and metabolic perturbations contribute to chronic inflammation and impaired tolerance.
  • Clinical evidence shows neurological, hematological, endocrine, and systemic autoimmune syndromes post-infection.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 can act as an amplifier of autoimmune reactions in genetically predisposed individuals.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies for post-COVID-19 autoimmunity.