Periorificial Dermatitis, Rosacea, and Idiopathic Aseptic Facial Granuloma in Children

Abigail Washington1, Carol Sanchez1, Andrea L Zaenglein2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Penn State/ Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.

Insights

Pediatric providers can encounter acneiform disorders like periorificial dermatitis, rosacea, and idiopathic aseptic facial granuloma. This review covers their clinical features, pathogenesis, and management strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dermatology
  • Dermatology
  • Acneiform Disorders

Background:

  • Periorificial dermatitis, rosacea, and idiopathic aseptic facial granuloma are common acneiform disorders in pediatric patients.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of acneiform disorders encountered in pediatric care.
  • To detail clinical presentations, pathogenesis, and differential diagnoses.
  • To discuss current management options and treatment algorithms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical presentations, pathogenesis, and management of periorificial dermatitis, rosacea, and idiopathic aseptic facial granuloma.
  • Synthesis of information for pediatric providers.

Main Results:

  • Detailed descriptions of the clinical appearances of each disorder.
  • Insights into the known etiological factors and pathogenesis.
  • Comprehensive overview of therapeutic approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the nuances of these acneiform conditions is essential for pediatricians.
  • Appropriate diagnosis and timely management can improve patient outcomes.
  • This review serves as a guide for managing these facial dermatoses in children.

Related Concept Videos

Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.