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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices
11:22

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Published on: December 1, 2017

Likelihood Ratios Given Activity-Level Propositions for DNA Transfer Evidence: Practical Implementation and

Peter Gill1, Øyvind Bleka2

  • 1Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Forensic Science International. Genetics
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces HaloGen, a Bayesian framework for interpreting low-template DNA evidence. It highlights how laboratory variability and case context significantly impact DNA evidence strength, emphasizing transparent reporting.

Keywords:
Activity-levelComparison of modelling approachesHaloGen softwareValidation and implementation

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Genetics
  • Statistical Modeling

Background:

  • Interpreting low-template DNA requires models accounting for lab variability, transfer uncertainty, and case specifics.
  • Activity-level likelihood ratios (LRs) are crucial for DNA evidence interpretation at the activity level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the practical implementation of HaloGen, an open-source hierarchical Bayesian framework for calculating activity-level LRs from DNA quantity data.
  • To compare three modeling approaches (Group, Lab-Bayes, Lab-Vague) within the HaloGen framework.
  • To propose a calibration pathway for laboratories using HaloGen for quantitative LR reporting.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and implemented HaloGen, a hierarchical Bayesian framework.
  • Compared three modeling approaches: Group, Lab-Bayes, and Lab-Vague.
  • Utilized simulation studies to assess evidential strength sensitivity to DNA quantity and case context.

Main Results:

  • Evidential strength depends on DNA quantity, case context (number of actors, specified unknowns), and laboratory calibration.
  • Inter-laboratory differences in DNA recovery and non-detection can significantly alter LRs.
  • Limited local transfer experiments can improve relevance over pooled population models.

Conclusions:

  • HaloGen provides a framework for quantitative activity-level LR calculation, accommodating inter-laboratory variability.
  • Transparent specification of propositions, data relevance, model assumptions, and expert judgment is critical for activity-level inference.
  • A minimum-effort calibration pathway is proposed for laboratories using HaloGen.