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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

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Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

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  3. Primary Aldosteronism.
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Related Experiment Video

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Primary aldosteronism.

Anand Vaidya1, Gregory A Kline2, Paolo Mulatero3

  • 1Center for Adrenal Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|June 25, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary aldosteronism (PA), caused by excess aldosterone, is a common hypertension cause. Early diagnosis and tailored treatment, including surgery or medication, are crucial for managing cardiovascular and renal risks.

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Published on: September 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Primary aldosteronism (PA) stems from excessive aldosterone production, a significant contributor to hypertension and associated cardiovascular/renal damage.
  • Genetic mutations and aberrant receptor expression in adrenal glands drive dysregulated aldosterone synthesis.
  • PA is frequently underdiagnosed, necessitating improved screening protocols in hypertensive individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes, diagnosis, and management strategies for primary aldosteronism.
  • To highlight the importance of early detection and appropriate therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of primary aldosteronism research, focusing on pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities.
  • Analysis of current guidelines and emerging therapies.

    • Main Results:

    • PA is driven by genetic factors and receptor dysregulation, leading to hypertension and end-organ damage.
    • Simplified renin and aldosterone testing is recommended for all hypertensive patients.
    • Unilateral PA may be treated surgically, while bilateral PA requires medical management.
    • Emerging biomarkers and imaging aid in treatment decisions.

    Conclusions:

    • Timely diagnosis and management of PA are essential to mitigate cardiovascular and renal morbidity.
    • Medical therapy aims to normalize blood pressure and potassium levels, with renin rise indicating adequate treatment.
    • Longitudinal monitoring is vital for managing PA, its complications, and treatment effects.