Chitosan-fibrinogen-thrombin matrix accelerates re-epithelialization and cornification in a rat wound healing model

This study evaluated a chitosan-fibrinogen-thrombin (CFT) matrix enriched with autologous skin cells and a fatty acid sodium salt (FASS) to enhance wound closure and regeneration. A rat excisional wound model compared six treatments: CFT with or without autologous cells and/or FASS, lubricating jelly, and cell suspension alone. Wounds were splinted and assessed at day 14. Tissue thickness and force at 10% strain were measured by indentation, followed by histological staining (Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's Trichrome, Picrosirius Red) and immunostaining (CD31, CD68, Neutrophil elastase, Arginase-1). CFT-treated wounds formed a compact crust that supported keratinocyte migration, unlike Jelly and Cells groups which had delayed closure. All wounds remained in active repair, with CFT groups showing more advanced epithelialization and cornification, but no significant benefit from adding cells or FASS. There was greater angiogenesis and presence of macrophages in all wounds versus native skin, especially in Jelly and Cells groups, indicating earlier repair phases. Picrosirius red revealed immature collagen in all treated wounds. Mechanical testing showed wound thickness and resistance similar to native skin, suggesting near-functional recovery despite incomplete maturation. The main effect came from the intrinsic properties of the CFT matrix, which provided a biocompatible barrier promoting granulation and keratinocyte migration.