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Multi criteria decision making based optimization for sustainable machining in alloy 2091
Vikas Marakini1,2, Takamoto Itoh3, Yu-Chen Wang1
1The Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu-shi, Shiga, Japan.
Scientific Reports
|June 25, 2026
Summary
Cryogenic machining using liquid nitrogen (LN2) significantly enhances surface integrity (SI) for alloy 2091. This method improves microhardness and reduces roughness compared to traditional dry milling, without harming microstructure.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Manufacturing Processes
Background:
- Surface integrity (SI) is critical for the performance of aerospace alloys like alloy 2091.
- Traditional machining methods can introduce detrimental surface characteristics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of liquid nitrogen (LN2) aided cryogenic machining on alloy 2091's surface integrity.
- To compare cryogenic machining with traditional dry milling.
Main Methods:
- Face milling of alloy 2091 using CVD inserts under cryogenic (LN2) and dry conditions.
- Analysis of surface characteristics: roughness, microhardness, microstructure, residual stresses, and corrosion resistance.
- Statistical methods (ANOVA, signal-to-noise ratio) and MCDM techniques (COPRAS, TOPSIS) for parameter optimization.
Main Results:
- Cryogenic machining reduced machining temperature by up to 30%.
- Microhardness increased by up to 14% and roughness decreased by up to 29% under cryogenic conditions.
- Cryogenic machining induced compressive residual stresses on the alloy surface.
- No adverse effects on grain integrity or microstructure were observed.
Conclusions:
- LN2-aided cryogenic machining offers significant improvements in the surface integrity of alloy 2091.
- Cryogenic machining is a viable advanced manufacturing process for high-performance alloys.
- Optimal milling parameters were identified using MCDM techniques for both machining conditions.
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