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Research progress on the expression characteristics, biological functions, and therapeutic potential of NOX4 in

Kaixiu Wu1, Yue Yang1, Meng Xu1

  • 1Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Yunnan Province, Dali City, 671013, China.

Clinical & Translational Oncology : Official Publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico
|June 25, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) plays a dual role in cancer, promoting or suppressing tumors. Understanding NOX4's complex functions is key to developing targeted cancer therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) is a key enzyme in the NADPH oxidase family, primarily producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
  • Aberrant NOX4 expression is increasingly recognized across diverse cancer types.
  • NOX4's role in cancer is complex, acting as both a tumor promoter and suppressor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically synthesize the functional roles of NOX4 in tumor biology.
  • To explore NOX4's involvement in proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, metabolism, and immune modulation.
  • To highlight NOX4's dual role in cancer and identify therapeutic challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review synthesizing functional themes of NOX4 in cancer.
  • Analysis of NOX4's involvement in key cancer processes.
  • Integration of findings across various cancer types.

Main Results:

  • NOX4 regulates cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis.
  • NOX4 influences metabolic reprogramming, the tumor microenvironment, and immune responses.
  • NOX4 exhibits context-dependent tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing activities.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of NOX4's multifaceted roles in cancer is essential.
  • Addressing mechanistic gaps in NOX4 inhibitor specificity and translational challenges is crucial.
  • Targeting NOX4 offers potential for novel cancer therapeutic strategies.
Keywords:
Malignant tumorNOX4ROSSignaling pathwayTherapeutic targets

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