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Related Concept Videos

Design Consideration01:22

Design Consideration

Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
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Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
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Published on: June 6, 2020

Harmonizing intervention, context, and implementation strategies with Context-Driven Co-Design (CD2).

Sarah A Birken1, Emily R Haines2, Cheyenne R Wagi3

  • 1Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. Sarah.birken@wfusm.edu.

Implementation Science Communications
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mid-level managers can now use Context-Driven Co-Design (CD2) for implementation planning. This theory-based approach harmonizes interventions, contexts, and strategies, improving evidence-based practice delivery.

Keywords:
ContextImplementationIntervention adaptationMid-level managersUser-centered design

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Area of Science:

  • Implementation Science
  • Healthcare Management
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Existing methods to bridge the gap between implementation evidence and practice have limitations, often due to overemphasizing researcher involvement.
  • Mid-level managers are key drivers of change in practical settings.
  • Context-Driven Co-Design (CD2) was developed to empower mid-level managers with a structured approach to implementation planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and refine Context-Driven Co-Design (CD2), a theory- and evidence-based approach for implementation planning.
  • To equip mid-level managers with tools to effectively plan and execute healthcare interventions.
  • To address the limitations of current implementation strategies by focusing on practical, context-specific application.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Delphi process with implementation researchers to develop the CD2 prototype.
  • Piloting an in-person CD2 training with mid-level managers.
  • Conducting a focus group with mid-level managers to gather feedback for iterative refinement of CD2 materials and training.

Main Results:

  • Implementation researchers confirmed the value of interactive training for delivering CD2 content.
  • Mid-level managers found the CD2 training practical and valuable for addressing implementation challenges.
  • Feedback led to refinements, including focusing on common interventions and increasing peer-learning opportunities within CD2.

Conclusions:

  • Context-Driven Co-Design (CD2) has been codified as a theory-driven method for aligning interventions, contexts, and implementation strategies.
  • Mid-level managers perceive CD2 as an appropriate and acceptable approach for implementation planning.
  • CD2 aligns with principles of researcher humility and deference to on-the-ground expertise, with future work needed to enhance feasibility and scalability.