Dorsum Sellae Morphology in Chiari Malformation Type I: A CT-Based Study

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Radiology
• Anatomy

Background:

• Chiari malformation type I (C1M) is a complex congenital condition affecting the skull base.
• Understanding the anatomical variations associated with C1M is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
• The morphology of the dorsum sellae (DS) in C1M patients requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and compare the morphology of the dorsum sellae (DS) using computed tomography (CT) in patients with Chiari malformation type I (C1M) and healthy controls.
• To identify specific morphometric differences in the DS between C1M patients and controls.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective case-control study was conducted.
• 120 individuals (60 C1M patients, 60 controls) underwent cranial CT scans.
• Morphometric analysis of the DS and surrounding structures was performed.

Main Results:

• Significant differences in DS morphology were observed between C1M patients and controls.
• C1M patients exhibited a shorter DS-foramen magnum distance, larger DS-anterior clinoid process distance, and a greater crista galli-DS-foramen magnum angle.
• The DS in C1M patients was narrower transversely but greater in midline height, bilateral lateral heights, and anteroposterior thickness. DS pneumatization was more frequent in C1M patients (23.3% vs. 5.0%).

Conclusions:

• Distinct morphometric characteristics of the dorsum sellae are present in patients with Chiari malformation type I.
• Increased frequency of dorsum sellae pneumatization is associated with C1M.
• These anatomical findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the skull base in C1M.