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Pulse Oximetry-A Perioperative Perspective
Kellie Moon1, Naema Daino2, Paula Gomez1
1Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
Summary
Pulse oximetry is a vital tool for monitoring oxygen saturation and pulse rate during surgery. Understanding its principles and limitations improves patient safety and anesthetic care.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Medical Monitoring
Background:
- Pulse oximetry is a standard noninvasive monitor in anesthesia.
- It enhances patient safety by detecting hypoxemia and deterioration.
- Clinicians may lack full understanding of its technical principles and limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a perioperative perspective on pulse oximetry.
- To discuss the physics, sensor technologies, and practical use of pulse oximetry.
- To detail factors affecting measurement accuracy and explore advanced parameters.
Main Methods:
- Review of pulse oximetry principles, including photoplethysmography.
- Discussion of sensor technologies and probe placement.
- Analysis of factors influencing accuracy and perioperative applications.
Main Results:
- Identified sources of inaccuracy: motion artifact, low perfusion, dyshemoglobinemias, ambient light, skin pigmentation, venous pulsation.
- Examined applications in preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases.
- Highlighted advanced parameters like perfusion index (PI) and pleth variability index (PVI).
Conclusions:
- Comprehensive understanding of pulse oximetry is crucial for anesthesiologists.
- Recognizing device limitations optimizes perioperative patient care.
- Emerging innovations like AI-enhanced analysis promise further improvements.
Keywords:
hemoglobin oxygen saturation monitoringperioperative monitoring and clinical applicationsphotoplethysmographypleth variability indexpulse oximetry interferencepulse oximetry principlesMore Related Videos
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