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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry
10:54

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 21, 2025

A Gene Feature Based on Histone Modifications Can Predict the Prognosis of Prostate Cancer.

Jialin Gao1, Xuee Zhou1, Zetao Zuo1

  • 1Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.

Biomedicines
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new 21-gene risk signature (HIS_score) effectively predicts prostate cancer (PCa) patient outcomes after surgery. This tool aids in personalized treatment strategies by stratifying risk based on epigenetic subtypes.

Keywords:
histone modificationnomogramprediction modelprognosisprostate cancer

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Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry
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Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis
07:20

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Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets
03:37

Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets

Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence and poor outcomes necessitate improved risk stratification.
  • Histone modification regulators play a key role in PCa heterogeneity.
  • Identifying distinct PCa subtypes is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify PCa subtypes based on histone modification regulators.
  • To develop a prognostic gene signature for predicting outcomes in PCa patients post-radical prostatectomy (RP).
  • To create a clinical nomogram for individualized prognostic assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Unsupervised consensus clustering of PCa cohorts from TCGA and GEO databases.
  • Transcriptomic data analysis to identify differentially expressed genes.
  • Development and validation of a 21-gene risk signature (HIS_score) and a clinical nomogram.

Main Results:

  • Four distinct PCa subtypes with varying survival, pathways, and mutation landscapes were identified.
  • A 21-gene signature (HIS_score) was constructed, comprising genes like MXD3, COL11A2, and ALB.
  • High HIS_score correlated with significantly worse clinical outcomes in PCa patients post-RP.

Conclusions:

  • The HIS_score and nomogram are robust prognostic tools derived from epigenetic subtypes.
  • These tools reflect downstream effects of histone modification dysregulation.
  • They offer clinicians a framework for predicting post-RP outcomes and personalizing therapy.