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Effect of a Milk Protein Concentrate Supplement on Muscle Recovery and Oxidative Stress Following Knee and Hip
Maria Spanoudaki1, Stavros Kalogiannis1, Antonios Cheimaras1
1Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Background:
Postoperative rehabilitation following Total Knee or Hip arthroplasty (TKA, THA respectively) for end-stage osteoarthritis is frequently characterized by oxidative stress and chronic-inflammation-induced muscle atrophy. This study investigated the efficacy of a milk protein concentrate supplement (MCPS) on oxidative stress, inflammation markers, and functional regains in patients undergoing TKA or THA.
Methods:
88 participants (aged 55-80 years) were allocated to either an Intervention Group (IG, n = 44), receiving the MPCS, or a Control Group (CG, n = 44), following conventional nutrition for 15 weeks. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis and functionality through handgrip strength, gait speed, and static balance. 8-Isoprostane levels were quantified in plasma samples using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) method. C Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in serum specimens were measured. Data analysis was conducted, with adjustments made for age, gender, and comorbidities.
Results:
The IG demonstrated a significant increase in ASMM (Adj. mean change, Δ = +2.34 kg, 95% CI: 1.99 to 2.69, p < 0.001) and ASMM Index (Δ = +0.82 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.64 to 1.00, p < 0.001) compared to the CG. Functional measurements also showed significant improvements in the IG, including Handgrip Strength (Δ = +4.40 kg, p < 0.001), Gait Speed (Δ = +0.23 m/s, p < 0.001), and the 2-Minute Walk Test (Δ = +12.02 m, p = 0.026). Regarding biochemical markers, the IG showed a significant reduction in plasma F2-isoprostane levels (Δ = -29.19, p < 0.001), CRP levels (Δ = -0.69 mg/L, p = 0.004), and PTH levels (Δ = -27.41 pg/mL, p < 0.001). A negative association between lipid peroxidation (8-isoprostanes) and ASMM was confirmed.
Conclusions:
Structural nutritional intervention can effectively mitigate catabolic stress triggered by surgical treatment. Implementing such strategies into orthopedic care offers a practical approach to treat challenges often associated with postoperative muscle loss.