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Color Image Encryption Based on 3D-SBFCM with Dynamic Rectangular Partitioning and Dynamic S-Box Substitution
Ting Wang1, Xiaoyan Yang1, Bin Ge2
1School of Information Engineering, Huainan Union University, Huainan 232038, China.
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a novel color image encryption method using a complex 3D chaotic map and dynamic partitioning. The approach enhances security by improving complexity, reducing image regularity, and ensuring robust diffusion across RGB channels.
Area of Science:
- Cryptography
- Image Processing
- Applied Mathematics
Background:
- Existing chaos-based encryption methods struggle with low-dimensional map complexity, block partitioning regularity, and limited RGB channel diffusion.
- These limitations reduce the overall security and effectiveness of current color image encryption techniques.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a novel color image encryption algorithm addressing the limitations of existing methods.
- To enhance dynamical complexity, reduce spatial correlations, and improve cross-channel diffusion for secure image encryption.
Main Methods:
- A three-dimensional sine-bilinear fully coupled chaotic map (3D-SBFCM) was developed for improved pseudorandomness.
- A residual-feasibility-constrained dynamic rectangular partitioning mechanism was introduced to create non-uniform image blocks.
- The algorithm incorporates permutation, S-box substitution, and cross-channel diffusion techniques.
Main Results:
- The proposed 3D-SBFCM exhibits enhanced complexity and pseudorandomness.
- Dynamic partitioning effectively reduces structural regularity and spatial correlations.
- High information entropy (>7.999) and near-theoretical NPCR/UACI values were achieved, indicating strong confusion and diffusion.
- The algorithm demonstrated robustness against cropping and noise attacks.
Conclusions:
- The proposed algorithm offers a secure and effective solution for color image encryption.
- It successfully overcomes the limitations of existing chaos-based methods, providing enhanced security and robustness.
