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Related Concept Videos

Generator Voltage Control01:21

Generator Voltage Control

Generator voltage control is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of synchronous generators and wind turbines. In older models, a DC generator driven by the rotor delivers DC power to the rotor's field winding, and the power is transferred through slip rings and brushes. In the latest models, static or brushless exciters are used. Static exciters rectify AC power from the generator terminals and then transfer the DC power directly to the rotor. Brushless exciters, on the other hand, use...
DC Generator01:19

DC Generator

An alternator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy that varies sinusoidally, resulting in AC current. Meanwhile, a DC generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, which are DC pulses with the same polarity. The construction of a DC generator is similar to that of an alternator, except that the pair of slip rings is replaced by a single split ring, also called a commutator. The commutator functions like a periodic rotary switch; it changes the contacts with the...
Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow01:24

Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow

The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:
Types Of Transformers01:16

Types Of Transformers

Transformers can provide desired voltages to a circuit by modifying the number of turns in the secondary windings.
If the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary winding to that of the primary winding is greater than one, then the transformer is said to be a step-up transformer. In a step-up transformer, the voltage at the secondary winding is greater than the voltage applied at the primary winding.
However, if this ratio is less than one, the transformer is said to be a step-down...
Source Transformation for AC Circuits01:11

Source Transformation for AC Circuits

The process of source transformation in the frequency domain entails the conversion of a voltage source, positioned in series with an impedance, into a current source that is parallel to an impedance, or the other way around. It is essential to maintain the following relationships while transitioning from one source type to another.
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution
10:27

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution

Published on: July 8, 2019

A DNA-Local, Constraint-Aware Dual-Head Transformer for Pseudorandom Stream Generation.

Alev Kaya1,2, İbrahim Türkoğlu2

  • 1Software Engineering Graduate Program, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Türkiye.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method for generating DNA sequences and bitstreams simultaneously, ensuring DNA-specific constraints are met. This approach improves random number generation for computational biology applications.

Keywords:
DNA-local PRNGadaptive rule selectionconstraint-aware generationdual-head Transformergenomic sequence modelingrandomness evaluation

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution
10:27

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution

Published on: July 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Computational Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) in DNA computing often map bits to DNA symbols indirectly.
  • This indirect method may overlook DNA-specific constraints like GC balance and homopolymer limits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel constraint-aware Transformer framework for direct DNA-local PRNG generation.
  • To generate DNA sequences and bitstreams simultaneously within the A/C/G/T alphabet.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a dual-head decoder-only Transformer framework for DNA-local PRNG.
  • Model generates DNA bases and derives bitstreams via dynamic DNA-to-bit coding rules.
  • Evaluated using real genomic data, synthetic data, and independent validation.

Main Results:

  • Satisfied NIST SP 800-22 acceptance criteria and achieved high min-entropy (0.9955-0.9964 bit/bit).
  • Preserved core DNA-compatibility constraints including GC balance and homopolymer control.
  • Leakage analyses showed no systematic bit-level dependence or long-fragment copying.

Conclusions:

  • The framework enables reproducible, constraint-aware DNA-local PRNG generation.
  • Supports multilayer validation for both bitstreams and DNA sequences.
  • Offers an improved approach for DNA-oriented computational workflows.