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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: September 23, 2022

Extracellular Vesicles and Diabetes Research: Current Status and Future Promise.

Mohamed S Gad^1,2, Samar Habib³, Khaled Elmasry⁴

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.

|June 26, 2026

Summary

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players in diabetes, mediating communication between organs and influencing disease progression. This review integrates their roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diabetes management.

Keywords:

diabetes diabetic nephropathy diabetic retinopathy exosomes extracellular vesicles

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Published on: September 23, 2022

A Simple Benchtop Filtration Method to Isolate Small Extracellular Vesicles from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

A Simple Benchtop Filtration Method to Isolate Small Extracellular Vesicles from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: June 23, 2022

Area of Science:

Endocrinology and Metabolism
Cell Biology
Vascular Biology

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is a growing global health crisis with severe metabolic and vascular complications.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as crucial mediators of intercellular communication in diabetes pathogenesis.
Existing reviews often examine EVs in isolation; this work provides an integrated perspective.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the multifaceted roles of EVs in diabetes mellitus.
To explore EV contributions to type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathophysiology.
To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs in diabetes.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of extracellular vesicle (EV) biology and function in diabetes.
Analysis of EV-associated microRNAs in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and EV roles in insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Evaluation of EV-mediated effects on endothelial function, angiogenesis, tissue repair, and insulin receptor integrity.

Main Results:

EVs are implicated in immune dysregulation, beta-cell damage, insulin resistance, and vascular complications in diabetes.
EVs modulate endothelial function, angiogenesis, and tissue repair, and affect insulin receptor integrity.
Lifestyle factors influence EV composition and function, suggesting potential preventive roles.

Conclusions:

EVs are critical mediators of systemic communication across multiple organs in diabetes progression.
EVs hold significant promise as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery systems for diabetes.
Translational barriers to clinical implementation of EV-based strategies require further investigation.