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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the colonic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
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Anatomy of the Intestines

Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Mapping Infant Immunity with Minimal Input: Integrative Single-Cell and Multiomic Profiling
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Mapping Infant Immunity with Minimal Input: Integrative Single-Cell and Multiomic Profiling

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Integrated Immune-Gut Profiling Identifies an Exploratory Pediatric Inflammatory Intestinal Profile Associated with

Laura-Mihaela Ion1,2, Carmen Pavelescu2,3, Denisa Maria Canut2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine Titu Maiorescu, 040441 Bucharest, Romania.

Biomolecules
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Food-specific IgG antibodies in children with gastrointestinal issues are linked to inflammation and gut permeability. Evaluating IgG alongside other biomarkers offers a more comprehensive assessment than using it alone.

Keywords:
bowel wall thickeningfood intolerancefood-specific IgGintestinal inflammatory biomarkersnon-IgE hypersensitivitypediatric gastrointestinal disordersultrasound

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Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
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Published on: August 7, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

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Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Gastrointestinal Health

Background:

  • The clinical role of food-specific IgG antibodies in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders is debated.
  • Current guidelines do not recommend their use as standalone diagnostic tools.
  • Their significance within a broader immune-gut inflammatory context needs further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associations between food-specific IgG reactivity and inflammatory/permeability biomarkers.
  • To explore links with microbiological findings and ultrasound abnormalities in children with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Compared three groups: children with multimodal inflammatory profile (n=196), symptomatic children (n=146), and controls (n=210).
  • Utilized 216-antigen ELISA for food-specific IgG, abdominal ultrasound, and intestinal biomarker assessment.
  • Employed comparative, correlation, multivariable logistic regression, and ROC analyses.

Main Results:

  • Food-specific IgG polysensitization was significantly higher in the multimodal inflammatory group (p < 0.001).
  • Elevated fecal calprotectin, zonulin, and histamine were more frequent in this group, alongside ultrasound abnormalities.
  • Cumulative IgG burden correlated with bowel wall thickness (r=0.48), and fecal calprotectin with ultrasound findings (r=0.62).
  • Multivariable analysis identified calprotectin, zonulin, IgG polysensitization, and gluten-dairy reactivity as predictors of abnormal ultrasound findings.

Conclusions:

  • Children with chronic GI symptoms, IgG polysensitization, abnormal biomarkers, and ultrasound changes form a distinct multimodal subgroup.
  • Food-specific IgG should be assessed within a comprehensive immune-gut framework, not in isolation.
  • Findings are exploratory and require prospective validation and mechanistic studies.