Emerging Perspectives on Adverse Childhood Experiences and Brain Cancer Immunotherapy

Adverse childhood events (ACEs) represent a major public health burden in the United States, as exposure to ACEs increases the risk of mental health disorders, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and cancer and can greatly affect quality of life. Although the effects of ACEs on physiology are complex, significant evidence suggests that ACEs may affect the immune system later in life. As the field of immunotherapy gains prominence in cancer treatment, it becomes imperative to explore how ACEs may impact cancer immunotherapy. Brain cancer, especially glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), has a very poor prognosis and remains a challenging disease to treat. Immunotherapy approaches are being actively investigated. To address this, we aim to raise awareness of the potential connection between ACEs, brain cancer, and cancer immunotherapy. Through a review of the current biomedical literature, we synthesized current findings into a commentary on how early-life adversity may influence the immune response within the central nervous system. It is the intention of this commentary to generate hypothesis-driven research within the nascent and emerging field of neuro-psycho-immunology in neuro-oncology. Given that the relationship between ACEs and brain cancer immunotherapy remains vastly understudied, this commentary has significant potential to generate insightful discussions among clinicians and scientists to guide further clinical and basic research towards anticipating which patients stand to receive the most benefit from immunotherapy.