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Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Destabilization of Microtubules01:45

Destabilization of Microtubules

The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method
08:04

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Published on: October 23, 2018

mTOR Substrate Phosphorylation in Growth Control: An Update.

Don Benjamin1, Michael N Hall1

  • 1Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.

Cancers
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates cell growth and metabolism by controlling protein targets. This study updates known mTORC1 and mTORC2 substrates, highlighting roles in autophagy and cancer progression.

Keywords:
autophagycancercell signalingmTORmetabolismphosphorylation

More Related Videos

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening
11:13

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening

Published on: August 29, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method
08:04

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Published on: October 23, 2018

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening
11:13

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening

Published on: August 29, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of cell growth, metabolism, and survival.
  • mTOR functions through two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, influencing numerous cellular processes.
  • Despite its importance, the full complement of mTORC1 and mTORC2 substrates remains incompletely characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile and update the known substrates of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in mammalian cells.
  • To identify key cellular processes regulated by mTOR, with a focus on autophagy and cancer.
  • To provide a comprehensive resource for researchers investigating mTOR signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of mammalian mTOR research from 1991-2021, with an update for 2022-2025.
  • Compilation of all reported substrates for both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes.
  • Analysis of substrate functions, particularly in relation to autophagy and oncogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Numerous mTOR substrates have been identified, confirming mTOR's significant role in regulating autophagy.
  • The updated list includes newly discovered targets involved in various cellular functions.
  • A subset of identified targets is implicated in promoting cancer development via mTOR signaling.

Conclusions:

  • mTOR plays a critical role in autophagy regulation through its diverse substrates.
  • Newly identified mTOR targets provide further insight into cellular metabolism and growth control.
  • Understanding mTOR-driven pro-oncogenic programs through substrate analysis is crucial for cancer research.