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Risk Factors for Catastrophic Health Events in Head and Neck Cancer: A Scoping Review to Inform Risk Prediction.

Christabel Oghinan1, Deema ElRufaei1, Frederick Dun-Dery1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.

Cancers
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Catastrophic health events in head and neck cancer (HNC) include death, complications, acute care visits, and severe symptoms. Comorbidity is a key risk factor for these events in HNC patients.

Keywords:
adverse eventscatastrophic health eventshead and neck cancerrisk factorsrisk prediction

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Medical Informatics

Background:

  • Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients face unique risks of severe health events.
  • Understanding these events is crucial for improving patient care and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate distinct domains of catastrophic health events in HNC.
  • To identify associated risk factors for these events.
  • To inform the development of risk prediction models for HNC.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review of five electronic databases (2015-2025).
  • Included primary observational studies of adults (≥18) with HNC.
  • Focused on studies reporting catastrophic health events and associated risk factors using multivariable regression.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-six studies with 941,329 HNC patients were analyzed.
  • Four domains identified: premature death, severe treatment complications, acute care encounters, and severe symptoms.
  • Comorbidity, treatment details, age, and cancer stage were key risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Comorbidity must be included in head and neck cancer risk prediction models.
  • Developing prediction algorithms requires strategic efforts due to varied risk factor measurability.