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Related Concept Videos

The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils
07:15

Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils

Published on: January 21, 2020

Antibiotic Exposure and Periodontal Susceptibility: A Risk-Modifying Hypothesis.

Nada Tawfig Hashim1,2, Nallan C S K Chaitanya3, Rasha Babiker4

  • 1Department of Periodontics, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah 12973, United Arab Emirates.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic antibiotics may not directly cause periodontitis but can increase risk by disrupting oral microbial balance and immune responses. Further research is needed to confirm this link and guide dental antimicrobial stewardship.

Keywords:
antibioticsbone remodelingdysbiosisgut–oral axishost–microbe interactionsimmune regulationmicrobial homeostasisoral microbiomeperiodontitissystemic dysbiosis

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Induction of Periodontitis via a Combination of Ligature and Lipopolysaccharide Injection in a Rat Model
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Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Periodontology

Background:

  • Systemic antibiotics are widely used, impacting host-microbe balance beyond infection sites.
  • Periodontitis is viewed as a biofilm-initiated inflammatory disease, with emerging focus on microbial homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To hypothesize that antibiotics act as risk modifiers for periodontitis, not direct causes.
  • To explore mechanisms by which antibiotics may increase periodontitis susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesizing clinical, epidemiological, and experimental data across oral microbial ecology, immune regulation, bone remodeling, and the gut-oral axis.
  • Identifying hypothesis predictions and evidence gaps.

Main Results:

  • No clinical study has causally linked antibiotic exposure to periodontitis.
  • Proposed mechanisms include depletion of commensals, altered host immunity, and gut dysbiosis impacting periodontal susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • Antibiotic exposure may lower the threshold for plaque-mediated inflammation to progress to destructive periodontal disease.
  • The framework aims to inform antimicrobial stewardship in dentistry and guide future research.